The specific ingredients in hand soap can vary depending on the brand, type, and formulation. However, here are some common key ingredients found in hand soaps:

1. Surfactants: These are cleansing agents that help to lift dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin. Common surfactants in hand soaps include sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES).

2. Water: The base of most liquid hand soaps is water, which acts as a carrier for other ingredients.

3. Emollients/Moisturizers: Hand soaps often contain moisturizing ingredients like glycerin, aloe vera, shea butter, or plant oils to prevent the skin from drying out during handwashing.

4. Fragrances: Many hand soaps are scented to provide a pleasant aroma during handwashing. Fragrances can be natural or synthetic.

5. Preservatives: To extend the shelf life of the product and prevent the growth of bacteria, hand soaps may contain preservatives like parabens or phenoxyethanol.

6. Colorants: Some hand soaps are colored to give them a distinct appearance. These colorants can be natural or artificial.

7. Antimicrobial/Antibacterial Agents: Certain hand soaps are formulated with antibacterial or antimicrobial agents, such as triclosan or benzalkonium chloride, to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and germs.

8. pH Balancers: Hand soaps are typically formulated to have a balanced pH level to match the skin's natural pH, which helps to maintain healthy skin.

9. Thickening Agents: To give the hand soap its desired consistency, thickening agents like xanthan gum or carrageenan may be used.

10. Natural Extracts: Some hand soaps may include natural extracts, such as chamomile, lavender, or tea tree oil, for their soothing or antimicrobial properties.

It's essential to read the product label to understand the specific ingredients in a particular hand soap, especially if you have any allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, consider opting for hand soaps with fewer harsh chemicals and more natural, gentle ingredients if you have sensitive skin.